THE IMPACT OF ABATTOIR EFFLUENT DISCHARGE ON THE WATER QUALITY

Abstract

This study evaluates the impact of abattoir effluent discharge on the water quality of Baboko Stream in Kwara State, Nigeria, and its implications for soil fertility and crop yields in the Baboko Irrigation Scheme. Abattoir effluent, containing high levels of nutrients, heavy metals, pathogens, and organic matter, poses significant environmental risks. The study aimed to assess water quality, soil properties, and crop yield trends to inform sustainable waste management practices. A descriptive research design was employed, with water samples collected from upstream, midstream, and downstream locations, and soil samples taken at three depths (0-20 cm, 20-60 cm, and 60-100 cm) along irrigation sites. Laboratory analysis was conducted to determine water quality parameters, including Potential of Hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity, and nutrient concentrations, and soil properties such as texture, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was also calculated to assess irrigation suitability. Results indicated moderate salinity in the water, though sodium levels exceeded the guidelines set by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), raising concerns about soil sodicity. Crop yield analysis revealed a decline in lettuce productivity, likely due to elevated sodium levels, while yields of okra and pepper remained stable. The study recommends improved waste management, effluent treatment, and sustainable agricultural practices to mitigate environmental impacts.