THE ROLE OF GATED COMMUNITIES IN SHAPING PROPERTY MARKET DYNAMICS: A CASE STUDY OF AKURE, ONDO STATE

Abstract

The phenomenon of gated communities has become one of the most visible features of contemporary urban housing development across the Global South, reflecting both socioeconomic aspirations and urban governance challenges. In Nigeria, the emergence of gated residential enclaves has been widely associated with security concerns, infrastructural deficiencies, and the desire for exclusivity (Landman, 2012; Ukoje & Kanu, 2014). This study investigates the role of gated communities in shaping property market dynamics within Akure, Ondo State, a medium-sized Nigerian city that is increasingly experiencing real estate transformation. The research employed a mixed-method design that combined quantitative surveys of 200 households with qualitative interviews involving 15 key informants, including developers, estate managers, and government officials. The findings demonstrate that gated communities significantly raise property values, with land and housing in such estates selling for 60–85% more than in comparable non-gated neighborhoods. As one respondent remarked during interviews, “Buying into a gated estate in Akure is not just about land; it is about status, security, and future value”. This confirms earlier observations that gated living is both an economic and symbolic practice that reinforces class-based residential segregation (Low, 2003; Blakely & Snyder, 1997). Beyond property appreciation, the study reveals that gated communities alter residential demand patterns by attracting middle- and upper-income groups, thereby intensifying affordability challenges for low-income households. Such developments have also introduced new spatial forms that reconfigure the city’s growth trajectory, with private developers increasingly assuming roles once reserved for the state in housing provision (Grant, 2005). However, these benefits come at a cost: exclusionary practices, uneven infrastructure distribution, and the reinforcement of socio-spatial inequalities. This duality reflects what Molotch (1976) theorized as the “urban growth machine,” where land-use changes are driven by profit motives but often at the expense of social equity. The study concludes that gated communities are double-edged in their impact on property markets in Akure. On the one hand, they stimulate real estate investment, drive urban land values upward, and satisfy the demand for secure and organized housing environments. On the other hand, they exacerbate affordability crises and deepen urban socio-economic divides. As urbanization intensifies in Nigerian secondary cities, policy interventions are required to balance the benefits of gated developments with inclusive housing policies. Without such strategies, the rapid expansion of gated estates may lead to long-term spatial fragmentation and unequal access to urban opportunities.