KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING AMONG WOMEN IN DALHATU ARAF SPECIALIST HOSPITAL LAFIA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Cervical Cancer is enduringly a topical issue and causing significant number of mortalities among women globally, especially in areas with limited resources and access to health care services. Cervical Cancer’s early detection is considered a cost-effective way to decrease it prevalence, yet the uptake of screening in the research area is extremely low. This study assesses the knowledge, attitude and practice of Cervical Cancer screening among women receiving antenatal and postnatal care at Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia. Several literature was reviewed, out of which Health Belief Model and the Rational Choice Theory were adopted as theoretical framework for the study. A survey research design was used in gathering primary data through quantitative and qualitative methods. Surveys were conducted with women who are attending antenatal and post-natal clinics in the hospital through the use of questionnaires. Additionally, 4 key informant interviews were conducted with healthcare workers in the hospital. Findings reveal a high level of awareness of cervical cancer, yet discrepancies exist in understanding risk factors, particularly regarding sexual behavior, childbirth, and human Papilloma virus infection. While smoking is widely recognized as a risk factor, uncertainty persists for other factors. Awareness of screening methods, notably Pap smear, is limited, with a significant portion unaware of its existence. Attitudes towards screening vary, with mixed perceptions of prevalence and safety of screening methods. Screening uptake is low, with reasons including low perceived risk, cost, fear of diagnosis, and lack of knowledge about facilities. Factors influencing uptake encompass personal, socio-economic, cultural, and healthcare system-related barriers. These findings highlight the need for targeted education and intervention programs to improve cervical cancer screening rates in the community. It is therefore recommended that healthcare providers should prioritize comprehensive education on risk factors and screening methods, particularly targeting misconceptions and uncertainties. Efforts to increase accessibility and affordability of screening services, including the provision of free or subsidized screening, should be pursued. Culturally sensitive approaches, such as community outreach programs and involvement of religious leaders may help address barriers related to socio-cultural factors. Additionally, healthcare policies should aim to strengthen healthcare infrastructure and ensure availability of screening facilities. Collaborative efforts between healthcare providers, policymakers, community leaders, and advocacy groups are essential to overcome the multifaceted barriers to cervical cancer screening uptake.